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Resumo Conceitos como o de alteridade, encontro de saberes, polifasia cognitiva, o princípio de familiaridade e de representações sociais operaram na complexa tarefa de compreender como os encontros entre profissionais e usuários sustentavam e/ou transformavam as práticas de acolhimento. Entretanto, a experiência da minha pesquisa de doutorado me levou a questionar os próprios conceitos utilizados da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Ao final do ensaio, após discutir aspectos teórico-metodológicos, o princípio de familiaridade e a questão da tensão e dos afetos nas representações sociais, espero evidenciar como o movimento provocado pelo encontro com usuários e profissionais de uma Rede de Atenção Psicossocial levou-me a questionar pontos essenciais da teoria: o papel domesticador das representações, a forma ainda estática de evidenciar os fenômenos, a separação entre um sujeito que representa e o objeto representado e a dificuldade em usar suas ferramentas conceituais para acompanhar processos me fazem repensar meu lugar e minha função de pesquisador.
Abstract Concepts such as alterity, encounter of knowledge, cognitive polyphasia, the principle of familiarity and the very concept of social representations operated in the complex task of understanding how the encounters between professionals and users supported and / or transformed user embracement practices. However, the experience of my doctoral research led me to question the very concepts used in the Theory of Social Representations. At the end of the essay, after discussing theoretical and methodological aspects, the principle of familiarity and the issue of tension and affects in social representations, I hope to show how the movement caused by the encounter with users and professionals of a Psychosocial Care Network, led me to question essential points of the theory: the domesticating role of representations, the still static way of showing phenomena, the separation between a subject that represents and the object represented and the difficulty in using their conceptual tools to accompany processes makes me rethink my place and role as a researcher.
Resumen Conceptos como la alteridad, el encuentro de saberes, la polifasia cognitiva, el principio de familiaridad y el concepto mismo de representaciones sociales operaron en la compleja tarea de comprender cómo los encuentros entre profesionales y usuarios apoyaron y / o transformaron las prácticas de acogimiento. Sin embargo, la experiencia de mi investigación doctoral me llevó a cuestionar los propios conceptos utilizados en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Al final del ensayo, después de discutir aspectos teóricos y metodológicos, el principio de familiaridad y el tema de tensión y afectos en las representaciones sociales, Espero mostrar cómo el movimiento provocado por el encuentro con usuarios y profesionales de una Red de Atención Psicosocial, me llevó a cuestionar puntos esenciales de la teoría: el rol domesticador de las representaciones, la forma todavía estática de mostrar los fenómenos, la separación entre un sujeto que representa y el objeto representado y la dificultad para utilizar sus herramientas conceptuales para acompañar procesos, me hace repensar mi lugar y rol como investigador.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Social , Qualitative Research , Social Representation , Pain , Politics , Prejudice , Psychiatry , Psychology , Public Policy , Rehabilitation , Sex Offenses , Social Isolation , Social Support , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome , Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms , Thinking , Unemployment , Health Surveillance , Ill-Housed Persons , Family , Illicit Drugs , Hygiene , Mental Health , Crack Cocaine , Life , Substance-Related Disorders , Affective Symptoms , State , Aggression , Depressive Disorder , Economics , Empathy , Methodology as a Subject , User Embracement , Ethics , Mental Fatigue , Drug Users , Drug Overdose , Compassion Fatigue , Emotional Adjustment , Pessimism , Psychological Trauma , Psychiatric Rehabilitation , Occupational Stress , Incivility , Survivorship , Worldview , Freedom , Self-Neglect , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Food Insecurity , Home Environment , Social Vulnerability , Homicide , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Intelligence , Life Change Events , Loneliness , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
Methods@#Data on governance issues were obtained from participant observation and regular meetings facilitated over one year. Conducted across urban, rural, and remote settings, the present study outlines experience-near insights throughout a hierarchy of system implementers—from those in positions of authority to frontline workers. These insights were thematically analyzed and organized following the Health System Dynamics Framework.@*Results@#This study identified six governance challenges: 1) establishing a health information system; 2) engaging leaders, healthcare staff, and communities; 3) assuring efficient financing; 4) assuring health workforce sufficiency; 5) addressing legal challenges; and 6) planning evaluation and monitoring. To address these challenges, this study forwards systemic solutions to advance effective governance and improve healthcare performance.@*Conclusion@#A renewed approach to strengthening primary care systems is fundamental to achieving universal healthcare. This entails good governance that develops strategies, equips people with tools for proper implementation, and provides data for evidence-based policies. The experiences outlined in the present study envisions guiding policymakers toward improving health outcomes in a devolved setting.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Universal Health Care , Health SystemsABSTRACT
With the continuous progress of medical technology, some violations of ethical principles often occur in science experimental research targeting humans. Taking the type of human experimental research as the starting point, through ethical analysis and evaluation of different types of human experimental research, this paper concluded that in human experimental research, it was necessary to adhere to humanitarian principles of human experimental research, fully respect the research participants’ right to informed consent, select research participants fairly, fully protect the research participants’ rights and interests, and supervise the whole research process. So as to better regulate the behavior of medical researchers in human experimental research and protect the rights and interests of research participants.
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Este artigo relata uma pesquisa ação-participante longitudinal realizada desde 2016 até 2021 com mulheres indígenas Xokleng/Laklãnõ que vivem no contexto urbano de Blumenau, SC. Analisa a trama afetiva que compôs esta caminhada de seis anos e traça a configuração do método que denominamos de pesquisacaminhante para demarcar a temporalidade e o lugar das pesquisadoras, das pesquisadoras-participantes e sua intencionalidade, de fortalecer a luta e a resistência dessas que vivem na cidade de Blumenau, uma cidade de origem germânica e marcadamente "branca". Como instrumento, foram utilizados entrevistas, fotografias, diversos encontros pela cidade e participação em eventos oficiais e, principalmente, encontros constantes entre as pesquisadoras, nos quais elas puderam se expressar como mulheres indígenas. O referencial teórico é a psicologia sócio-histórica, com base nas reflexões de Vigotski e Spinoza, utilizando o afeto como bússola das ações. O método revelou potência para contribuir com a práxis da psicologia social, destacando aquelas voltadas às comunidades tracionais. (AU)
This article reports a longitudinal participant-action research carried out from 2016 to 2021 with indigenous women Xokleng/Laklãnõ who live in the urban context of Blumenau, SC. Analyzes the affective plot that composed this walk of six years and outlines the configuration of the method we call walking research to demarcate the temporality and the place of researchers, researcher-participants and their intention to strengthen the struggle and resistance those who live in the city of Blumenau, a city of German origin and markedly "white". As instrument, interviews, photographs, various meetings around the city and participation in official events were used. and, mainly, constant meetings between the researchers, in which they could express themselves as women indigenous. The theoretical reference is socio-historical psychology, based on the reflections of Vigotski and Spinoza, using the affection as a compass of actions. The method revealed power to contribute to the practice of social psychology, highlighting those aimed at traditional communities. (AU)
Este artículo reporta una investigación longitudinal de acción participante realizada de 2016 a 2021 con mujeres indígenas Xokleng/Laklãnõ que viven en el contexto urbano de Blumenau, SC. Analiza la trama afectiva que compuso este paseo de seis años y esboza la configuración del método que llamamos walking research para demarcar la temporalidad y el lugar de los investigadores, los investigadores-participantes y su intención de fortalecer la lucha y la resistencia los que viven en a ciudad de Blumenau, ciudad de origen alemán y marcadamente "blanca". Como se utilizó el instrumento, entrevistas, fotografías, diversos encuentros por la ciudad y participación en actos oficiales, y, principalmente, encuentros constantes entre las investigadoras, en las que pudieran expresarse como mujeres indígena. El referente teórico es la psicología sociohistórica, a partir de las reflexiones de Vigotski y Spinoza, utilizando la el afecto como brújula de acciones. El método reveló poder contribuir a la práctica de la psicología social, destacando los destinados a las comunidades tradicionales. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Women , Community-Based Participatory Research , Indigenous Peoples/psychology , Longitudinal Studies , AffectABSTRACT
Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar aspectos do cotidiano da assistência ao parto em um hospital universitário no Sul do Brasil. A expressão "tirando o jaleco" serve como uma metáfora para iluminar o processo de conversão da enfermeira obstetra em pesquisadora em um ambiente hospitalar. Trata-se de uma de pesquisa qualitativa que lançou mão da perspectiva socioantropológica como referencial teórico e metodológico. Os resultados mostraram uma recorrente ausência de informações sobre condutas e decisões médicas dadas as mulheres, desconsiderando-as como sujeitos de direitos, a despeito do que preconiza a política de humanização do parto, revelando nuances do parto e do nascimento pautadas no modelo tecnocrático de assistência. Esse modelo de assistência vigente nos hospitais de ensino requer importantes mudanças através da incorporação de práticas com fundamentos científicos, da inclusão de enfermeiras obstetras e do respeito à mulher como protagonista deste evento.
Abstract The study aimed to describe and analyze everyday aspects of childbirth care in a university hospital in southern Brazil. The expression "taking off the coat" serves as a metaphor to illuminate the process of converting the obstetrician nurse into a researcher in a hospital environment. This is a qualitative research work that made use of the perspective socio-anthropology as a theoretical and methodological framework. The results showed a recurrent lack of information about medical conduct and decisions given to women, disregarding them as subjects of rights, despite what the policy of humanization of childbirth, revealing nuances of childbirth and birth based on the model assistance technocracy. This current care model in teaching hospitals requires important changes through the incorporation of practices with scientific foundations, the inclusion of obstetric nurses and respect for women as the protagonists of this event.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/ethics , Health Personnel , Humanizing Delivery , Pregnant Women , Hospitals, University/ethics , Obstetrics/ethics , Unified Health System , Brazil , Health Policy , Anthropology, CulturalABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear e analisar o que vem sendo discutido nas teses e dissertações que produzem saberes relacionados com a Educação Física Escolar, inspirando-se nos pressupostos da pesquisa participante. Foi realizada uma busca no catálogo de teses e dissertações da Capes. Ao final do processo, foram selecionadas 24 pesquisas relacionadas com o tema. O material empírico foi submetido a análise temática. Os resultados evidenciaram que essas investigações foram produzidas a partir de dois temas, sendo que o primeiro engloba pesquisas participantes inspiradas em intervenções didático-pedagógicas e o segundo em pesquisas participantes que se inspiram em ações coletivas para transformar a realidade da prática político-pedagógica, na perspectiva de alcançar a justiça social. Concluímos que essas pesquisas têm sido muito potentes para evidenciar o trabalho dos professores e das professoras de Educação Física que lecionam na Educação Básica.(AU)
This study aimed to map and analyze what has been discussed in theses and dissertations that produce knowledge related to School Physical Education, drawing on the assumptions of participating research. A search was carried out in the Capes' theses and dissertations catalog. At the end of the process, 24 studies related to the topic were selected. The empirical material was submitted to thematic analysis. The results showed that these investigations were produced from two themes, the first comprising participant researches inspired by didactic-pedagogical interventions and the second by participating researches that are inspired by collective actions to transform the reality of political-pedagogical practice, with the goal of achieving social justice. We conclude that these researches have been very powerful in showing the work of Physical Education teachers who teach in Basic Education.(AU)
El objetivo de este estudio fue mapear y analizar lo que se está discutiendo en las tesis y disertaciones que producen saberes relacionados con la Educación Física Escolar, a partir de los supuestos de la investigación participante. Se realizó una búsqueda en el catálogo de tesis y disertaciones de la CAPES. Al final del proceso, fueron seleccionadas 24 investigaciones relacionadas con el tema. El material empírico fue sometido a un análisis temático. Los resultados mostraron que esas investigaciones se produjeron a partir de dos temas, donde el primero engloba investigaciones participantes inspiradas en intervenciones didáctico-pedagógicas y el segundo se centra en investigaciones participantes inspiradas en acciones colectivas para transformar la realidad de la práctica político-pedagógica buscando alcanzar la justicia social. Concluimos que esas investigaciones han sido muy potentes para evidenciar el trabajo de los profesores y profesoras de Educación Física en la Educación Básica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir sobre a Pesquisa Participante como momento de construção de novas representações sociais em pesquisas no campo escolar. A inserção do pesquisador de modo não hierarquizado, a reflexão e a construção coletiva são premissas básicas que inserem esse modelo no rol da psicossociologia e se adaptam aos pressupostos inerentes à Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici e ao modelo participativo de pesquisa. Ao final dessa reflexão, será apresentada uma proposta de pesquisa unindo essas duas vertentes - Pesquisa Participante e Teoria das Representações Sociais. Serge Moscovici, Pedro Demo e Nasciutti foram os autores de referência usados para o delineamento do presente trabalho. Como resultado, mostra-se a perfeita adequação desses modelos e a relevância desse modo de fazer pesquisa para a construção de espaços mais democráticos no ambiente escolar, ou seja, espaços estes que propiciem a construção de identidades legitimadas socialmente.(AU)
This essay reflects on the the Participant Research as a moment of construction of new social representations in researches at school. The insertion of the researcher in a non hierarchical way, reflection and collective construction are basic premises that insert this model in the role of psychosociology and fit the assumptions inherent in the Theory of Social Representations of Moscovici and the participatory model of research. At the end of this reflection, a research proposal will be presented joining the Participant Research and Theory of Social Representations. Serge Moscovici, Pedro Demo and Nasciutti were the reference authors used for the design of the present work. As a result, it is shown the perfect adequacy of these models and the relevance of this way of doing research for the construction of more democratic spaces in the school environment, that propitiate the construction of socially legitimized identities.(AU)
El objetivo de este ensayo es reflexionar sobre la Investigación Participante como un momento para construir nuevas representaciones sociales en la investigación en el ámbito escolar. La inserción del investigador de forma no jerárquica, la reflexión y la construcción colectiva son premisas básicas que sitúan a este modelo en el rol de psicosociología y se adaptan a los supuestos inherentes a la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales de Moscovici y al modelo de investigación participativa. Al final de esta reflexión, se presentará una propuesta de investigación que une estas dos vertientes: Investigación participante y Teoría de las representaciones sociales. Serge Moscovici, Pedro Demo y Nasciutti fueron los autores de referencia utilizados para delinear este trabajo. Como resultado, muestra la perfecta adecuación de estos modelos y la relevancia de esta forma de hacer investigación para la construcción de espacios más democráticos en el ámbito escolar, es decir, espacios que favorezcan la construcción de identidades socialmente legitimadas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Schools , Participatory PlanningABSTRACT
Resumo O presente artigo discute os resultados de uma pesquisa-intervenção fundamentada na abordagem psicossocial clínica realizada junto a jovens rappers brasileiros e franceses, entre 13 e 27 anos. Nosso objetivo é analisar a função do rap, como mediação artística, para os jovens moradores de espaços urbanos desfavorecidos. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada a partir de observação participante e entrevistas nos dois países, entre outubro de 2007 e junho de 2009. Nossas análises mostram que o rap é utilizado pelos jovens para pensar sobre o mundo que os rodeia e para agir sobre as representações e o imaginário social negativos aos quais são associados, buscando o reconhecimento de um lugar positivo na sociedade. Através desta expressão artística podem realizar novas experiências sociais e subjetivas na cena social. O rap é também um suporte para constituição de grupos de pares e para construção de laços sociais entre jovens moradores de diferentes periferias do globo. Buscamos, assim, contribuir para discussão em torno da dimensão coletiva e singular de práticas de saúde, constitutivas de uma clínica que não se limita à procedimentos técnicos padronizados ou aos conhecimentos científicos de base biológica.
Abstract This article discusses the results of research-intervention based on the clinical psychosocial approach conducted among young Brazilian and French rappers between 13 and 27 years of age. Our objective is to analyze the function of rap, as artistic mediation, for the young inhabitants of disadvantaged urban areas. The field research was performed on the basis of participant observation and interviews in both countries. Our analyses show that rap is used by youths to reflect upon the world around them and to react to the negative representations and social imagery with which they are associated, seeking recognition of a positive place in society. Through this artistic expression they become able to accomplish new social and subjective experiences on the social scene. Rap is also a support for the formation of peer groups and social bonds among young inhabitants of different suburbs of the world. In this way, this study seeks to contribute to the discussion surrounding the collective and singular dimension of health practices, thereby constituting a research clinic that does not limit itself to standard technical procedures or to biologically-based scientific knowledge.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Peer Group , Public Health , Brazil , Vulnerable PopulationsABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the drop-out rate of participants in antidepressant clinical trials and to explore the related influencing factors. MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on the participants of 9 antidepressant clinical trials conducted at the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2013 to 2020. A self-compiled questionnaire was used to collect the subjects' demographic data， disease characteristics and the final completion of the trial， thereafter， the participant drop-out rate and related influencing factors were discussed. ResultsA total of 157 cases were enrolled， including 120 cases completed and 37 cases dropped out the trail. The causes of drop-out were poor efficacy in 13 cases （35.14%）， presence of adverse reactions in 12 cases （32.43%）， withdrawal of informed consent in 8 cases （21.62%） and loss of follow-up in 4 cases （10.81%）. Correlation analysis showed that participant drop-out was positively correlated with the level of anxiety （r=0.224， P<0.01） and presence of adverse events （r=0.158， P<0.05）， meantime， negatively correlated with the level of education （r=-0.209， P<0.01） and overall efficacy （r=-0.545， P<0.01）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that education level （β=-0.611， OR=0.543， P<0.05）， number of visits （β=-1.831， OR=0.160， P<0.01） and overall efficacy （β=-2.286， OR=0.102， P<0.01） were the influencing factors of participant drop-out. ConclusionLow education level， first visit， poor outcome， high level of anxiety， and adverse events are the factors affecting participant drop-out in antidepressant clinical trials.
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Resumo Este artigo visa a compreender os projetos de vida formulados por pessoas com experiência de sofrimento psíquico grave e uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas em processo de desinstitucionalização em saúde mental. Para tal, foi desenvolvido um estudo etnográfico, com finalidade de identificar interações entre operadores de desinstitucionalização, que podem ser entendidos como processos, dinâmicas ou ações que atuam sobre o cotidiano e a inserção social desses sujeitos. Pôde-se verificar que a tessitura desses projetos em direção ao futuro se apresenta como um trabalho de cuidado de si nos termos foucaultianos, em que são manejadas diversas acepções sobre a saúde, tal como concebidas por Fassin (2000).
Resumen El artículo tiene como objetivo comprender los proyectos de vida formulados por personas con experiencia de malestar psicológico severo y abuso de alcohol y otras drogas en el proceso de desinstitucionalización en salud mental. Se desarrolló un estudio etnográfico con el objetivo de identificar interacciones entre operadores de desinstitucionalización, que pueden entenderse como procesos, dinámicas o acciones que actúan sobre la vida cotidiana y la inserción social de estos sujetos. Se pudo comprobar que el tejido de estos proyectos hacia el futuro se presenta como un trabajo de cuidado de sí mismo en los términos foucaultianos, en el que se manejan diferentes significados sobre la salud, tal como lo concibe Fassin (2000).
Abstract This article aims to understand life projects formulated by people with experience of severe psychological distress and abuse of alcohol and other drugs in the process of deinstitutionalization in mental health. To this end, an ethnographic study was developed with the aim of identifying interactions between deinstitutionalization operators, which can be understood as processes, dynamics or actions that act on the daily lives and social insertion of these subjects. We observed that the weaving of these projects towards the future is presented as a work of care of the self in Foucaultian terms, in which different meanings about health are handled, as conceived by Fassin (2000).
Subject(s)
Humans , Risk Groups , Deinstitutionalization , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mental Health Services , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Social StigmaABSTRACT
Em ondas de resiliência e devastação, projetos coletivos na interface arte e saúde foram desafiados pelos efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19. O Laboratório Pacto-USP acompanhou e interveio nesses efeitos, reativando sua história e inventando novas estratégias. Nesse artigo serão destacadas vivencias no bojo da pesquisa cartográfica "Deslocamentos sensíveis: inscrições públicas dos modos de existência de projetos coletivos na interface arte e saúde na cidade de São Paulo". Como acolher esse acontecimento inesperado? Como uma vida coletiva poderia ser inventada e sustentada nessas circunstâncias? Como pensar, neste contexto, a equação entre conexão, exposição e reserva? Qual a responsabilidade desta pesquisa com a sustentação dessa rede e dessas vidas? Suspender a pesquisa não era uma opção. Era preciso acompanhar, intervir, cuidar, estar junto. Pensar como as ferramentas digitais poderiam favorecer e o que interditariam dos encontros possíveis. A pesquisa foi mantida em composição com esses atravessamentos, registrados em escritos e imagens, tecendo uma cartografia do processo. A importância de reportar esse período da experiência advém do reconhecimento das artes e tecnologias de interação que emergiram do desafio de seguir em propósitos ético-políticos de pesquisar coletivamente.
In waves of resilience and devastation, collective projects at the art and health interface were challenged by the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Research Group Pacto, University of São Paulo, followed and intervened in these effects, reactivating its history and inventing new strategies. This article will highlight strategies experienced in the context of the research "Sensitive displacements: public inscriptions of the modes of existence of collective projects at the art and health interface in the city of São Paulo". How to host this unexpected event? How could a collective life be invented and sustained under these circumstances? How to think, in this context, the equation between connection, exhibition and reservation? Which is the responsibility of this research with sustaining this network and these lives? Suspending the research was not an option. It was necessary to accompany, to care, to be together. To think how digital tools would favor and what it would interdict. The research was continued in composition with these questions, registered in writings and images, which weaved a cartography of the process. The importance of reporting on this period of experience comes from the recognition of the arts and interaction technologies that emerged from the challenge of following the ethical-political purposes of researching collectively.
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Specific psychological treatments for depressive disorders delivered on the Internet have shown effectiveness and presented advantages over face-to-face treatments (potentially less expensive, flexible schedules, available in remote areas). This paper aims to describe the characteristics of those who sought help from an online self-guided intervention for depression and to explore hypotheses about predictors of enrollment to the program. Based on a sample of 282 of individuals who filled in screening questionnaires, we verified that the respondents were mainly female, were on average 34.36 years old, were primarily recruited through Facebook, had been previously diagnosed by mental health professionals, presented moderate self-efficacy perception, and had moderately severe symptoms of depression. Respondents who reported comorbid conditions were more likely to attend enrollment interviews, and being in treatment or not did not influence attendance. Such characterization may provide strategies to reach more people and to optimize the design of interventions targeting help-seeking depressed individuals in Brazil.
Alguns tratamentos para a depressão baseados na Internet se mostraram efetivos e apresentaram vantagens em relação a tratamentos presenciais (potencialmente menos caros, com horários mais flexíveis e com disponibilidade em áreas remotas). Este artigo descreve as características de indivíduos que procuraram ajuda de uma intervenção autoguiada on-line e explora hipóteses sobre preditores de adesão ao programa. Baseado em uma amostra de 282 indivíduos que preencheram questionários de triagem, verificou-se que os participantes eram majoritariamente mulheres, tinham em média 34,36 anos, foram recrutados em sua maioria pelo Facebook, apresentaram diagnóstico psiquiátrico prévio feito por algum profissional de saúde mental, apresentaram percepção de autoeficácia moderada e sintomas depressivos moderadamente severos. Os respondentes que relataram condições comórbidas apresentaram mais chances de avançar para as entrevistas diagnósticas, e estar ou não em tratamento não influenciou a chegada às entrevistas. Estas descrições podem auxiliar na identificação de estratégias para se atingir mais indivíduos e para otimizar o desenho das intervenções on-line para brasileiros que as buscam.
Subject(s)
Therapeutics , Health Strategies , Depression , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
Objective:To summarize the experiences of clinical study project management in Peking University Clinical Research Institute, REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) data management system was proposed to improve the follow-up process management.Methods:Current clinical study follow-up process management situation were analyzed and methods for utilizing REDCap in follow-up management was proposed.Results:Using REDCap through " direct management" and " system management" data management can improve the follow-up quality and standard level of management in clinical study, at the same time, secured better protection of participants′ privacy and rights during the process.Conclusions:REDCap plays crucial roles in securing follow-up data quality from the source, timely tracking and standardization of follow-up management, it can be adopted more widely in assisting clinical study follow-up management.
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Introduction: Myelopathy was the term that describes any neurologic defect related to the spinal cord. A study was conducted to evaluate various causes of compressive myelopathy and also MR characterization of spinal cord compressive lesions. Materials and Methods: It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in the department of radiodiagnosis, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry from December 2014 to August 2016. All patients referred to the department of radiology with symptoms of compressive myelopathy of the spine were included. Pre-contrast scanning was done using TiWI, T2WI, FLAIR Sagittal, STIR sagittal. A Chi-square test was used to find the statistical significance, P > 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: During the study period total of 30 participants were included, spinal TB was diagnosed to be the most common cause of myelopathy (13; 43.3%) Extradural myelopathy was diagnosed in 23 (76.6%) participants and intradural in 7 (23.3%) members. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the age and cause for myelopathy and also between the gender. Conclusion: The most common cause of compressive myelopathy was identified to be extradural compression form TB followed by trauma. Spinal TB was the commonest site involved. In spine injury, the common site involved was the thoracic.
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Introduction: Multiple ring-enhancing lesions are one of the most commonly encountered neuroimaging abnormalities. A study was conducted to find the characteristic imaging findings of various ring-enhancing lesions on MRI. Materials and methods: It was a prospective study conducted in the department of radiodiagnosis, GSL Medical College. All age groups of both gender with cerebral ring-enhancing lesions detected in contrast MR studies were taken up for spectroscopy. Patients with a history of claustrophobia and individuals with metallic implants insertion, cardiac pacemakers, and metallic foreign body in situ were excluded. The MRI scan was performed MRI PHILIPS ACHIEVA HDxt 1.5 T, the active shielded superconducting magnet of 1.5telsa magnetic field using SENSE coils for the acquisition of images. Results: Out of 30 study participants, under <45 years category tuberculoma was the common (37%) lesion whereas in >45 years category metastases was common (15%), 44% were female and 56% were males. Depicts T1 signal intensity showed hypointense signal intensity on T1W sequence in 65 (95.5%) cases. Only 4.6% of cases showed isointense signal intensity on T1W image. T2 signal intensity in 73.5% of cases showed hyperintense signal intensity. Conclusions: MRI is an excellent, non-ionizing imaging modality with multiplanar imaging capabilities for excellent grey-white matter differentiation
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Introduction: Physiotherapists have been trained to possess unique superspeciality potential to conduct biomechanical analyses by visual observations and decode the kinetics of various static and dynamic postures. This distinct skill of Physiotherapists enables them to make accurate clinical diagnosis with credible rationale in many occasions without even the support of any specialized equipment. Additionally, apart from the ability to directly examine the patients elaborately in the clinical settings, Physiotherapists are also inherently capable of Non-participant observation to endlessly upgrade their knowledge and interpretation skills by just visually observing various movement patterns in sports, household activities, occupational tasks etc. Gait is one of the commonly seen dynamic postures which can also be analysed to certain extent using Non-participation observation method. The determination to research the alignment of feet in human gait developed after noticing the prevalence of walking with Outward Deviation of Feet (ODF) among various individuals in public spaces. Methodology: Non-participant visual observation of the ODF was carried out in various public spaces like roads, railways stations, streets, fitness clubs etc. Additionally, the walking patterns of people of other countries were also searched in social media like YouTube. Both anterior view and posterior view of the gait of the individuals were observed and possible biomechanical interpretations were made for the development of new theories and research pathways. Results: Large number of children were found consistently aligning their feet straight except few sporadically. Walking with ODF was found frequent among many adolescents, middle age adults and older adults. Conclusion: Taking into account of the increased foot progression angle and narrowed step width, ODF should be viewed as a potential biomechanical problem that would probably be acquired from the adolescence (or even before the adolescence) as one of the earliest asymptomatic biomechanical dysfunctions of unhealthy ageing.
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Background: Informed consent is an essential pre-requisite for research on human participants. However, many studies have shown that informed consent documents (ICDs) are incomplete and lack many of the essential elements. The objective of the study was to assess the completeness of ICDs submitted to an institutional ethics committee (IEC) against the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) ethical guidelines for biomedical research on human participants.Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The ICDs submitted to the IEC during the period from January 2015 to December 2017 were reviewed for completeness, with the help of a checklist which is based ICMR ethical guidelines for biomedical research on human participants 2006.Results: A total of 212 ICDs were reviewed during the study period. More than 50% of the ICDs have clearly explained many of the essential elements like nature and purpose of the study (62.3%), voluntary participation (98.6%), procedures (68.9%), risks (71.2%), benefits (92.9%), alternative treatments (60.7%), maintaining confidentiality (99.1%), no loss of benefits on withdrawal from the study (87.8%) and contact details of principal investigator (99.5%). However, the other essential elements of the ICD are either not mentioned or not clearly explained.Conclusions: This study has shown that although majority of the ICDs submitted for review by the IEC have mentioned many of the essential elements, some of the elements like contact details of Chairman of IEC, future use of sample, compensation for trial related injury and provision of counseling for consent of genetics testing have not been stated.
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A class to learn ethnographic approach was provided for medical students in the process of clinical clerkship to cultivate perspectives and methods for understanding people with viewpoints and behaviors that are different from theirs. After attending collaborative lectures and exercises by faculty members who specialized in medical anthropology and medical science, medical students conducted participant observation during clinical clerkship, and shared their field notes with other students. In this process, students learned the importance of situating a person's narratives and behaviors within their social and cultural contexts as well as importance of relativizing themselves. This class is considered to be a method for providing tips to medical students on how to interact with a variety of others. This paper also describes the practice of holding remote classes on this topic during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Intestinal and urinary parasitic infections remain an important public health problem in the tropics where poor hygiene and sanitation are a norm rather than an exception. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and distribution of polyparasitic infections and to determine the impact of health education and treatments .Stool and urine samples from 350 participants were analyzed using macroscopic and microscopic direct stool examination of wet and Lugol’siodine preparations and Formal-ether concentration techniques and microscopic examination of simple centrifuged samples of urine. Out of the 350 participants, 101were infected with intestinal parasites with the male and female participants having 29 (66.0%), 41 (71.9%) prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica,9 (20.5%),8(14%) Eschericia coli,2 (4.6), 6(10.5%) Trichomonas hominisand4 (9.1%), 2 (3.5%) Chilomastix mesnillirespectively. Out of the infected 101 participants, 14 of them hadco-infection (polyparasitism). The result of polyparasitism in the Local Government is not significant (p>0.05).The overall infection before health education and treatment was high and least after health education and treatment 0(0%) (p<0.05). The results of this study indicated improper hygiene and sanitation conditions
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A discussão sobre estratégias qualitativas de pesquisa encontra-se presente na psicologia social desde a primeira metade do século XX. Entretanto, sob a hegemonia de pressupostos positivistas nesse campo de conhecimento, apenas com a emergência da "crise" da psicologia social, nos anos 1960, que essas estratégias conseguiram alcançar maior legitimação e visibilidade, inclusive na América Latina. Nosso objetivo nesse texto é refletirmos, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica de ciência e da Teoria Democrática Radical e Plural, sobre ser a democracia, como uma forma de sociedade, uma condição de possibilidade para a produção de narrativas e de metodologias participativas. Reflexão feita em torno de dois eixos que se complementam: eixo epistemológico, concebendo o conhecimento como uma prática social; eixo político, abordando o lugar do pesquisador, na relação com os pesquisados, no enfrentamento a relações de dominação.(AU)
The discussion on qualitative research strategies hás been presented in social psychology since the first half of the 20th century. However, under the hegemony of positivistas sumptions in this Field of knowledge, only with the emergence of the "crisis" of social psychology in the 1960s the estrategies achieved greater legitimacy and visibility, inclusive in Latin America. Our objective in this textis, from a critical perspective of science and the Radical and Plural Democratic Theory, to reflect on democracy, as a form of society, as a condition of possibility for the production of narratives and participatory methodologies. This reflection is organized around two complementary axes: epistemological axis, conceiving knowledge as a social practice; and political axis, addressing the place of there searcher, in the relation with there searche dones, in the confrontation with relations of domination.(AU)
La discusión sobre estratégias cualitativas de investigación se encuentra presente em la psicología social desde la primera mitad del siglo XX. Sin embargo, bajo la hegemonía de supuestos positivistas en este campo de conocimiento, solo com la emergencia de la "crisis" de la psicología social, en los años 1960, que estas estrategias lograron alcanzar mayor legitimación y visibilidad, incluso en América Latina. Nuestro objetivo en este texto es reflexionar, desde una perspectiva crítica de ciencia y de La Teoría Democrática Radical y Plural, sobre ser la democracia, como una forma de sociedad, una condición de posibilidad para la producción de narrativas y de metodologías participativas. Reflexión orientada en torno a dos ejes que se complementan: eje epistemológico, concebiendo el conocimiento como una práctica social; eje político, abordando el lugar del investigador, en la relación con los encuestados, en el enfrentamiento a relaciones de dominación.(AU)